Effortful processing: Active processing of information that requires sustained effort. Shallow processing: Processing information based on its surface characteristics. Deep processing: Processing information with respect to its meaning. Attention: The brain’s ability to focus on stimuli.
What are examples of effortful processing? Examples include reading something and understanding it OR knowing your class schedule for the day. Effortful processing requires attention and awareness like when we study in class or memorize a poem.
Similarly, What is effortful encoding quizlet? effortful processing. encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Rehearsal. the conscious repetition of information.
What are examples of effortful processing strategies that will help you learn the information from this unit and ensure that the learning persists over time?
Some effortful processing strategies are chunking, mnemonics, and heirarchies. To sum it up, chunking is organizing items into familiar, manageable units; mnemonics use imagery to recall information; and heirarchies have one topic divided and subdivided into their smallest unit (it’s NOT the same as a word web).
What effortful processing methods aid in forming memories discuss in detail?
what effortful processing methods aid in forming memories? we process information by encoding its meaning and by encoding imagery, as when using some mnemonic devices. We also mentally organize information through chunking and hierarchies, for easier retrieval.
How can effortful processing help improve memory?
How can effortful processing become automatic? How can effortful processing become automatic overtime? with lots of experience and practice, you can achieve automatic processing.
What does the Equipotentiality hypothesis suggest? What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged? another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus.
HOW IS STM encoded?
Semantic (meaning)
Evidence suggests that this is the principle coding system in short-term memory (STM) is acoustic coding. When a person is presented with a list of numbers and letters, they will try to hold them in STM by rehearsing them (verbally).
Why is effortful processing useful? Encoding, getting information into the memory system, has many forms, including automatic and effortful. Effortful processing requires mental effort, and involves working with the text to learn a concept. For me, I find using effortful processing to be a good way to understand material and retain it better.
What type of memory is effortful processing?
Long-term memory is the permanent storage of information—its capacity is basically unlimited. Compare and contrast the two ways in which we encode information. Information is encoded through automatic or effortful processing.
Is effortful processing affected by intelligence? Effortful processing is affected by intelligence. C. Automatic processing requires little mental effort. Automatic processing requires little mental effort, whereas effortful processing requires mental effort and use of short-term memory.
How does effortful processing relate to explicit memories?
effortful processing encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. On the second track, we process our explicit memories of the facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare. (Explicit memories are also called declarative memories.)
How implicit memories and automatic processing are different from explicit memories and effortful processing?
Explicit (declarative) memories- our conscious memories of facts and experiences- form through effortful processing, which requires conscious effort and attention. Implicit (nondeclarative) memories- of skills and classically conditioned associations- happen without our awareness, through automatic processing.
How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis? How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis? He trained rats in the correct route through a maze, then deliberately damaged their brains and observed that this did not inhibit their progress through the maze.
What is the set of processes used to encode?
Memory is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time. Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system.
Which of the following is an example of mnemonic device?
For example, to remember the colors of the rainbow—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet—you could use the acronym Roy G. Biv. An acrostic is a mnemonic device that takes the first letter of each item you want to remember and uses those letters to make a new, memorable sentence or phrase.
What does it mean when a message is encoded to your brain? Encoding is the act of getting information into our memory system through automatic or effortful processing. Storage is retention of the information, and retrieval is the act of getting information out of storage and into conscious awareness through recall, recognition, and relearning.
How is information encoded in the brain?
Encoding is achieved using chemicals and electric impulses within the brain. Neural pathways, or connections between neurons (brain cells), are actually formed or strengthened through a process called long-term potentiation, which alters the flow of information within the brain.
Why did STM encoded acoustically? Encoding acoustically is generally thought to be the dominant method for coding information stored in STM. … Encoding semantically involves using current knowledge to give meaning to information, for example knowing that the start of the phone number you are trying to remember represents a particular area of the country.
What is effortful retrieval?
Effect: Struggling to learn – through the act of practicing what you know and. recalling information – is much more effective than re-reading, taking notes, or listening to lectures. Slower, effortful retrieval leads to long-term learning.
How are rehearsal and effortful processing related to one another? We have the capacity to remember lots of things without putting forth any effort. However, there are lots of times when we must practice, rehearse, and try to remember things. When we engage in any technique to help remember information better, we are engaging in effortful processing. You just studied 33 terms!
What are some effortful strategies that help us retain new information?
10 Ways to Retain More of What You Learn
- Use Visual Aids. …
- Seek Out Demonstrations. …
- Participate in Group Discussions. …
- Put It Into Practice. …
- Look For Opportunities to Teach Others. …
- Relate New Material to What You Already Know. …
- Make an Effort to Retrieve Information From Memory. …
- Read Out Loud.
What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest? What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged? another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus.
What is iconic echoic memory?
Echoic memory and iconic memory are sub-categories of sensory memory. Echoic memory deals with auditory information, holding that information for 1 to 2 seconds. Iconic memory deals with visual information, holding that information for 1 second.
What role does the hippocampus play in memory? The hippocampus plays a critical role in the formation, organization, and storage of new memories as well as connecting certain sensations and emotions to these memories.
What is the difference between selective attention and divided attention? Selective attention requires blocking out all other tasks in order to focus on just one while divided attention requires automatic processing of one task while simultaneously doing another.
What is context dependent memory AP Psychology?
Explanation: Context-dependent memory is a theory that suggests that information is optimally remembered when it is recalled in the same place in which it was initially learned. So, this theory suggests that you will do best on an exam when you take it in the same classroom where you learned that information!