philosopher David Hume maintained in A Treatise of Human Nature (1739) that the essential forms of association were by resemblance, by contiguity in time or place, and by cause and effect.
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion is a philosophical work by the Scottish philosopher David Hume, first published in 1779. Through dialogue, three philosophers named Demea, Philo, and Cleanthes debate the nature of God’s existence.
Hume argues that perceptions may be of two kinds: 1) impressions, and 2) ideas. Impressions include sensations, passions, and emotions. Sensations are primary or original impressions, while passions and emotions are secondary or reflective impressions. Hume claims that all ideas are originally derived from impressions.
What is principle of uniformity of the nature for Hume?
The uniformity of nature is the principle that the course of nature continues uniformly the same, e.g. if X is the cause Y, then Y will necessarily exist whenever X exists. In particular, the uniformities observed in the past will hold for the present and future as well.
What is the principle of the uniformity of nature quizlet?
What is the Principle Uniformity of Nature? That the future will resemble the past.
What are Hume’s two categories of perceptions?
Hume recognized two kinds of perception: “impressions” and “ideas.” Impressions are perceptions that the mind experiences with the “most force and violence,” and ideas are the “faint images” of impressions.
What main categories did Hume use to describe mental perceptions?
Hume also distinguishes simple and complex perceptions (T 1.1. 1.2; SBN 2). This cuts across his distinction between impressions and ideas, so that there are four categories of perception altogether: simple impressions; complex impressions; simple ideas; and complex ideas.
What is one problem with using induction to make predictions about the future?
We use induction when we make predictions about the future or offer explanations about the unobserved events that led up to the present. Hume’s problem of induction seems to show that we have no reason to draw these inferences.
How does Hume describe human beings?
Hume distinguishes, though somewhat informally, between the human being and the human person. The human being is composed for him of both the body and the mind, whereas the human person is the same as the self, the mind, or the soul.
What is the problem with induction?
The original problem of induction can be simply put. It concerns the support or justification of inductive methods; methods that predict or infer, in Hume’s words, that “instances of which we have had no experience resemble those of which we have had experience” (THN, 89).
Is the problem of induction a pseudo problem?
Such a practice of justification of inductive justification has no actual context of application except philosophical investigations. Therefore, problem of induction is a pseudo problem and it requires no solution.
What is Hume’s theory?
According to Hume’s theory of the mind, the passions (what we today would call emotions, feelings, and desires) are impressions rather than ideas (original, vivid and lively perceptions that are not copied from other perceptions). . Intentional actions are caused by the direct passions (including the instincts).
Is inductive reasoning bad?
Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions from facts, using logic. . Induction can be strong or weak. If an inductive argument is strong, the truth of the premise would mean the conclusion is likely. If an inductive argument is weak, the logic connecting the premise and conclusion is incorrect.
What is considered natural religion?
: a religion validated on the basis of human reason and experience apart from miraculous or supernatural revelation specifically : a religion that is universally discernible by all men through the use of human reason apart from any special revelation — compare revealed religion.
What is the difference between natural and revealed theology?
Philosophical arguments for the existence, intelligence, power, and goodness of God based on the order and beauty of the world, or on purely intellectual considerations, are examples of natural theology. Knowledge of God that is based on divine revelation as set down in scripture is the subject of revealed theology.
What is natural and revealed religion?
The term “natural religion” is sometimes taken to refer to a pantheistic doctrine according to which nature itself is divine. “Natural theology”, by contrast, originally referred to (and still sometimes refers to) the project of arguing for the existence of God on the basis of observed natural facts.
What is Hume’s skeptical solution to the problem of induction?
At this point, Hume adopts a “skeptical solution” to the problem: the strategy here is to translate statements about matters the skeptic claims we can’t have any knowledge about into statements about things our knowledge of which is not thrown into question.
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