There are several different kinds of archaeology: prehistoric, historic, classical, and underwater, to name a few. These often overlap. For example, when archaeologists studied the wreck of the Civil War ironclad, the Monitor, they were doing both historic and underwater archaeology.
The purpose of preventive archaeology is to detect and undertake the scientific study of archaeological remains (on land and under water) that might otherwise be destroyed by land development work.
What is preservation in Archaeology?
Archaeological conservation is a profession devoted to the preservation of the archaeological record including large-scale features such as sites, structures, and landscapes, as well as artifacts. . Archaeological remains are found throughout the world in areas of past and current human habitation.
What is compliance Archaeology?
Compliance archaeology ensures agencies comply with state and federal law protecting cultural resources should they be uncovered during ground-disturbing operations. In other words, compliance archaeology is what constitutes the typical construction monitoring jobs to which archaeologists are assigned.
How are archaeological sites preserved?
In the past, archaeologists have dug « blind » (and dug and dug) to uncover artifacts and structures. . Conducting an inventory of archaeological resources, expanding our knowledge of site deterioration, prioritizing values, and integrating conservation into archaeology are all important elements of site preservation.
Why is preservation important in Archaeology?
Archaeological discoveries let we as a species connect with our history: both our recent and our ancient past. Because of the emotional significance our species places on them, artifact preservation is a vital means of protecting these physical validations of our past. .
What are the three basic stages of an archaeological study?
Generally speaking, most archaeological field investigations are a three-step process. These processes are known as Phase I (Identification), Phase II (Evaluation) and Phase III (Mitigation/Data Recovery). The major components of each archaeological phase are addressed below.
What are the types of Archaeology?
There are two major disciplines of archaeology: prehistoric archaeology and historic archaeology. Within these groups are subdisciplines, based on the time period studied, the civilization studied, or the types of artifacts and features studied.
What are the basic categories of archaeological evidence?
All archaeological materials can be grouped into four main categories: (1) artifacts, (2) ecofacts, (3) structures, and (4) features associated with human activity. Artifacts and ecofacts are portable and thus can be removed from the site to be analyzed by specialists.
What are the steps to Archaeology?
– Selecting the Site.
– Conducting Research.
– Excavating the Site.
– Cleaning and Cataloguing Artifacts.
– Reporting the Results.
What is classification in Archaeology?
Summary. Classification is probably the single most basic analytical procedure employed in archaeology. Excavation yields a wide variety of material objects, and before they can be studied in any systematic way they must be sorted into recurring types on the basis of shared characteristics (attributes).
What is typology in archeology?
In archaeology, a typology is the result of the classification of things according to their physical characteristics. The products of the classification, i.e. the classes, are also called types.
How do you classify artifacts?
Artifacts are then sorted according to type of material, e.g., stone, ceramic, metal, glass, or bone, and after that into subgroups based on similarities in shape, manner of decoration, or method of manufacture.
Why should the historical and archaeological places be preserved?
Historic preservation helps keep communities beautiful, vibrant, and livable, and gives people a stake in their surroundings. It connects people with their past, and with one another. . Historic buildings provide a sense of stability and provide a tangible link with the past that all can experience.
How do archaeologists preserve artifacts?
One of the simplest ways to help preserve your artifacts is to store them in a relatively dry environment. Typically, metal artifacts should be stored in living areas, which are much dryer then sheds garages or basements. Attics are generally too hot for most artifacts.
How do archaeologists identify artifacts?
Archaeologists use that assumption, called the law of superposition, to help determine a relative chronology for the site itself. Then, they use contextual clues and absolute dating techniques to help point to the age of the artifacts found in each layer.
What are the four types of archaeological evidence?
All archaeological materials can be grouped into four main categories: (1) artifacts, (2) ecofacts, (3) structures, and (4) features associated with human activity.
Last Review : 5 days ago.
Don’t forget to share this post !
References