The DSM-IV classifies mental retardation into four stages based on severity: mild (IQ score of 50-55 to approximately 70), moderate (IQ score of 30-35 to 50-55), severe (IQ score of 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ score of less than 20-25).
The diagnosis is made based on the results of testing cognitive abilities (intelligence) and adaptive skills (how a child functions in everyday activities). A psychologist generally administers the cognitive testing. The psychologist or developmental pediatrician may also use a test to determine adaptive skills.
What causes mental retardation?
Causes of mental retardation include fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effect; brain damage caused by the use of prescription or illegal drugs during pregnancy; brain injury and disease; and genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.
Is mental retardation still a diagnosis?
In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the APA replaced “mental retardation” with “intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder).” The APA included the parenthetical name “(intellectual developmental disorder)” to indicate that the diagnosed deficits .
What is the politically correct way to say mentally challenged?
Otherwise, the terms mental disability, intellectual disability and developmental disability are acceptable. See entry on mentally retarded/mentally disabled, intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled . Midget: The term was used in the past to describe an unusually short and proportionate person.
What are the genetic causes of mental retardation?
Specific examples of metabolic disorders with prominent MRDD include phenylketonuriaphenylketonuriaPhenylketonurics » is the term used to refer to people that have the metabolic disorder Phenylketonuria, or PKU for short. So – kind of like how the word « diabetics » refers to people that have « diabetes », « phenylketonurics » refers to the people that have « phenylketonuria ».www.astro.sunysb.edu › tracy › whatisPhenylketonurics – Contains Phenylalanine!, maternal phenylketonuria, Lesch-Nyhan, galactosemiagalactosemiaGALT deficiency: Lack of the enzyme called GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase) which causes the genetic metabolic disease galactosemia, one of the diseases in many newborn screening panels. The disease can be fatal, if undetected. If detected, it can be treated by avoiding galactose in the diet.www.medicinenet.com › galt_deficiency › definitionDefinition of GALT deficiency – MedicineNet, and adrenoleukodystrophyadrenoleukodystrophyX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetic disease that affects the nervous system and the adrenal glands (small glands located on top of each kidney). People with this disease often have progressive loss of the fatty covering ( myelin ) that surrounds the nerves in the brain and spinal cord.rarediseases.info.nih.gov › x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophyX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy | Genetic and Rare Diseases .. o Down Syndrome is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation, occurring in about 1/800-1000 births.
What is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation?
X-linked mental retardation Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited form of mental retardation and, after Down syndrome, the most common genetic form. It is X linked, with dominant inheritance, and the penetrance is lower in females.
What is the proper term for disabled?
The two terms most commonly used to describe a person who has a limitation are « handicapped » and « disabled. » . The correct term is « disability »—a person with a disability. Person-first terminology is used because the person is more important than his or her disability.
When was mental retardation changed to intellectual disability?
On October 5, 2010, President Obama signed federal legislation, titled “Rosa’s Law,” which replaced in federal law the terms “mental retardation” and “mentally retarded” with the terms “intellectual disability” and “individual with an intellectual disability.” Rosa’s Law also required that any regulation that used the .
What is the politically correct term for mentally challenged?
Term Now Used: intellectual disability. Term no longer in use: mentally handicapped. Term Now Used: intellectually disabled.
What do they call mental retardation now?
The term “intellectual disability” is gradually replacing the term “mental retardation” nationwide.
What is mild mental retardation?
Definition. Mild mental retardation is defined as significantly subaverage intellectual ability, which ranges between 50–55 and 70, and concurrent delays in adaptive functioning that present prior to the age of 18.
Is the word used to refer to the disabled persons?
In everyday life, some people use the term handicap or refer to people with disabilities as the handicapped. . Using phrases like « person with a disability » and « individual with an amputation » emphasizes the person and not his or her condition.
What is the politically correct term for mentally disabled?
Term Now Used: intellectual disability. Term no longer in use: mentally handicapped. Term Now Used: intellectually disabled. Term no longer in use: normal. Term Now Used: non-disabled.
What is the most common cause of mental retardation?
Down’s syndrome is the most common specific cause of mental retardation, followed by the Fragile X syndrome, which mainly affects boys.
Is mental retardation in the DSM?
The diagnostic term ‘mental retardation’ is finally being eliminated in the upcoming international classifications of diseases and disorders. . The APA’s fifth revision of its DSM-5 and the WHO in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (lCD-11) will revise their terminology.
What is the politically correct term for disabled?
In referring to people with disabilities, it is preferable to use language that focuses on their abilities rather than their disabilities. Therefore, the use of the terms « handicapped, » « able-bodied, » « physically challenged, » and « differently abled » is discouraged.
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